𝐴𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑃𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑖𝑐𝑜

                         ᯽𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒂 𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅᯽

◍𝑶𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒆𝒏

𝙻𝚊 𝚒𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚍𝚎 𝙼𝚘𝚗𝚊 (𝙲𝚢𝚌𝚕𝚞𝚛𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚗𝚞𝚝𝚊 𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚓𝚗𝚎𝚐𝚎𝚛𝚒) 𝚎𝚜 𝚞𝚗𝚊 𝚜𝚞𝚋𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚒𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚗𝚞𝚍𝚊 𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚖𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚊 𝚒𝚜𝚕𝚊 𝚍𝚎 𝙼𝚘𝚗𝚊.𝙴𝚜 𝚎𝚕 𝚖𝚊𝚢𝚘𝚛 𝚛𝚎𝚙𝚝𝚒𝚕 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚊 𝚏𝚊𝚞𝚗𝚊 𝚙𝚞𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚛𝚒𝚚𝚞𝚎ñ𝚊.

◍𝑯𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒕

𝙻𝚊𝚜 𝚒𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝙼𝚘𝚗𝚊 𝚜𝚘𝚗 𝚍𝚒𝚞𝚛𝚗𝚘 𝚢 𝚙𝚊𝚜𝚊𝚛 𝚕𝚊 𝚖𝚊𝚢𝚘𝚛 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚕 𝚍𝚒𝚊 𝚝𝚘𝚖𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚎𝚕 𝚜𝚘𝚕 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚒𝚊. 𝙻𝚊𝚜 𝚒𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝙼𝚘𝚗𝚊 𝚜𝚘𝚗 𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚎e𝚖𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚊 𝚒𝚜𝚕𝚊 𝚍𝚎 𝙼𝚘𝚗𝚊, 𝙿𝚞𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚘 𝚁𝚒𝚌𝚘. 𝙴𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚗 𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚘𝚜 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚝𝚘𝚍𝚘 𝚒𝚜𝚕𝚊, 𝚊𝚞𝚗𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚕𝚊 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚛𝚘𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚊 𝚒𝚜𝚕𝚊 𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚘 𝚜𝚎 𝚞𝚜𝚊 𝚍𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚕𝚊 𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚊𝚍𝚊 𝚍𝚎 𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚌𝚒𝚘𝚗. 𝚅𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚗 𝚞𝚗𝚊 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚋𝚕𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚋𝚊𝚓𝚘 𝚝𝚒𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚊 𝚢 𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚜𝚎 𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚞𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗 𝚎𝚗 𝚊𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚐𝚊𝚕𝚘 𝚙𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚜, 𝚌𝚞𝚎𝚟𝚊𝚜 𝚢 𝚍𝚎𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚖𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚜. 𝙻𝚊 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚏𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚎𝚍𝚒𝚘 𝚋𝚊𝚓𝚘 𝚝𝚒𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚊 𝚊 𝚕𝚊 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚜𝚎 𝚙𝚞𝚎𝚍𝚎𝚗 𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚛 𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎 1,5 .

◍𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐬 

𝙻𝚊 𝚒𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚍𝚎 𝙼𝚘𝚗𝚊 𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚕 𝚖𝚊𝚜 𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚎

𝚕𝚘𝚜 𝚕𝚊𝚐𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝙿𝚞𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚘 𝚁𝚒𝚌𝚘. 𝙴𝚜𝚝𝚎 𝚛𝚎𝚙𝚝𝚒𝚕

𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚊𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚑𝚒𝚜𝚝o𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚖𝚒𝚍𝚎

𝚍𝚎 𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚊 𝚌𝚞𝚊𝚝𝚛𝚘 𝚙𝚒𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚊𝚛𝚐𝚘 𝚢 𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎

𝚌𝚞𝚎𝚛𝚙𝚘 𝚙𝚎𝚜𝚊𝚍𝚘, 𝚌𝚊𝚋𝚎𝚣𝚊 𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚎 𝚢 𝚛𝚊𝚋𝚘

𝚏𝚞𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚎. 𝚃𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚎 𝚞𝚗𝚊 𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊 𝚍𝚘𝚛𝚜𝚊𝚕 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚊

𝚌𝚊𝚋𝚎𝚣𝚊 𝚑𝚊𝚜𝚝𝚊 𝚎𝚕 𝚛𝚊𝚋𝚘, 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚜 𝚎𝚗 𝚕𝚊

𝚌𝚊𝚋𝚎𝚣𝚊 𝚢 𝚞𝚗𝚊 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚞𝚋𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊 𝚎𝚗 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚊 𝚍𝚎

𝚌𝚞𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚘 𝚙𝚎𝚚𝚞𝚎𝚏𝚒𝚘 𝚎𝚗 𝚕𝚊 𝚙𝚞𝚗𝚝𝚊 𝚍𝚎𝚕 𝚑𝚘𝚌𝚒𝚌𝚘.

𝚂𝚞 𝚌𝚘𝚕𝚘𝚛 𝚎𝚜 𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚍𝚎 𝚘𝚕𝚒𝚟𝚊 𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚍𝚎 𝚐𝚛𝚒𝚜𝚊𝚌𝚎𝚘 𝚢

𝚕𝚘𝚜 𝚓𝚞𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚒𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚙𝚞𝚎𝚍𝚎𝚗 𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛 𝚕𝚏𝚗𝚎𝚊𝚜

𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚊𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚛𝚛o𝚗 o 𝚊𝚣𝚞𝚕𝚘𝚜𝚊𝚜. 𝙼𝚞𝚌𝚑𝚊𝚜

𝚟𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚜 𝚕𝚘𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚑𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚎 𝚍𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚎𝚗 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚜𝚞

𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚗 𝚝𝚊𝚖𝚊𝚏𝚒𝚘 𝚢 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛 𝚞𝚗𝚊 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚎 𝚍𝚎

𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚞𝚋𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚜 𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚗 𝚕𝚊 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚊.

◍𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒔

𝙲𝚛𝚒𝚊 𝚍𝚎 𝚒𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝙼𝚘𝚗𝚊

𝙰𝚞𝚗𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚒𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝙼𝚘𝚗𝚊 𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚣𝚊𝚗 𝚝𝚘𝚍𝚊 𝚕𝚊 𝚒𝚜𝚕𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚘 𝚑𝚊𝚋𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚝, 𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚘 𝚎𝚕 1% 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚒𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚒𝚘, 𝚞𝚋𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚍𝚊 𝚎𝚗 𝚕𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚜𝚝𝚊 𝚜𝚞𝚛𝚘𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚎, 𝚎𝚜 𝚊𝚙𝚝𝚊 𝚙𝚊𝚛𝚊 𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚛 𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚎 𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚊 𝚜𝚞𝚎𝚕𝚝𝚊 𝚢 𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚋𝚎 𝚕𝚞𝚣 𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚊𝚛 𝚍𝚒𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚊. 𝙻𝚊𝚜 𝚑𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚒𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚊𝚗 𝚜𝚞𝚜 𝚑𝚞𝚎𝚟𝚘𝚜 𝚎𝚗 𝚕𝚊 𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚊 𝚢 𝚕𝚊 𝚕𝚞𝚣 𝚍𝚎𝚕 𝚜𝚘𝚕 𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚞𝚋𝚊𝚗 𝚕𝚘𝚜 𝚑𝚞𝚎𝚟𝚘𝚜. 𝙻𝚘𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚑𝚘𝚜 𝚊𝚕𝚌𝚊𝚗𝚣𝚊𝚗 𝚕𝚊 𝚖𝚊𝚍𝚞𝚛𝚎𝚣 𝚜𝚎𝚡𝚞𝚊𝚕 𝚌𝚘𝚗 𝚞𝚗 𝚝𝚊𝚖𝚊ñ𝚘 𝚍𝚎 28 𝚊 31 𝚌𝚖 (11 𝚊 12 𝚙𝚞𝚕𝚐𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜) 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚊𝚛𝚐𝚘 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚍𝚎 𝚎𝚕 𝚑𝚘𝚌𝚒𝚌𝚘 𝚑𝚊𝚜𝚝𝚊 𝚎𝚕 𝚘𝚛𝚒𝚏𝚒𝚌𝚒𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚒𝚕𝚊𝚌𝚒𝚘𝚗, 𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚎𝚗 𝚎𝚕 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚌𝚎𝚛 𝚘 𝚌𝚞𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚘 𝚊ñ𝚘, 𝚖𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚑𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚍𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚗 𝚞𝚗 𝚊ño 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚞𝚎𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚗 𝚞𝚗 𝚝𝚊𝚖𝚊ñ𝚘 𝚍𝚎 35 𝚊 40 𝚌𝚖 (14– 16 𝚙𝚞𝚕𝚐𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜).

◍𝑨𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏  

𝙼𝚘𝚗𝚊 𝚒𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚜, 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚘 𝚕𝚊 𝚖𝚊𝚢𝚘𝚛𝚒𝚊 𝙲𝚢𝚌𝚕𝚞𝚛𝚊 𝚜𝚜𝚙. 𝚜𝚘𝚗 𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚙𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚋𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚛𝚘, 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚞𝚖𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚑𝚘𝚓𝚊𝚜, 𝚏𝚕𝚘𝚛𝚎𝚜, 𝚋𝚊𝚢𝚊𝚜 𝚢 𝚏𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚍𝚒𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚜. 𝚄𝚗 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚞𝚍𝚒𝚘 𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚣𝚊𝚍𝚘 𝚎𝚗 2000 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚕𝚊 𝙳𝚛𝚊. 𝙰𝚕𝚕𝚒𝚜𝚘𝚗 𝙰𝚕𝚋𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚜 𝚍𝚎𝚕 𝚉𝚘𝚘𝚕𝚘𝚐𝚒𝚌𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚂𝚊𝚗 𝙳𝚒𝚎𝚐𝚘 𝚛𝚎𝚟𝚎𝚕𝚘 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚖𝚒𝚕𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚙𝚊𝚜𝚊𝚗 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝚎𝚕 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚒𝚐𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝙲𝚢𝚌𝚕𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚜 𝚐𝚎𝚛𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚗 𝚖𝚊𝚜 𝚛𝚊𝚙𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚕𝚘𝚜 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚗𝚘 𝚕𝚘 𝚑𝚊𝚌𝚎𝚗. 𝙴𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚖𝚒𝚕𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚎𝚗 𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚏𝚛𝚞𝚝𝚊𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚞𝚖𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚙𝚘𝚛 𝙲𝚢𝚌𝚕𝚞𝚛𝚊 𝚝𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚗 𝚞𝚗𝚊 𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚓𝚊 𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚙𝚝𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚊, 𝚊𝚕 𝚋𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚊𝚛 𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎𝚕 𝚏𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚕 𝚍𝚎 𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚕𝚞𝚟𝚒𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚞𝚢 𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚊.

𝐀𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞 𝐄𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐳𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐳